Even Bracket Numbers
The bracket above is a 16 Team 'Seeded' double elimination bracket. The same idea is used for all brackets, not matter what the number of participants are. A: The letter 'A' points to the 'Seeds' of the tournament, if you have pre-ranked your participants based on strength or a season record you would put each team's name on the corresponding line. Any number that is divisible by 2 is even number. Java If statement checks whether the remainder of the current array element divided by 2 is exactly equal to 0 or not. If the condition is True, Even number and the compiler increment evenCount. If the condition is False, Odd number. To find given number is even or odd, number is divided by 2. If remainder is 0 then it is even number else odd number. Finally number of even and odd numbers in the given array is counted and printed on console. Let’s see java program. Round Robin scheduling: Even number of teams. Let N = number of teams in the tournament. There will be N -1 rounds (each team will play N-1 games). Since each team will play every other team once, no team will be idle during any of the rounds. Let us schedule a round-robin tournament for 8 teams numbered from 1 to 8.
Even Bracket Numbers
In the seventh edition of the Publication Manual, we standardized the way to present descriptive information in references. This blog post explains how to use parentheses and square brackets in APA Style references.
Parentheses
APA Style uses parentheses in references to present supporting information important for a work’s identification and retrieval. Examples of information presented in parentheses in references include the following:
- edition information for books
- editor and/or translator names for authored books
- volume numbers for books when the book does not have a separate volume title
- page numbers for edited book chapters
- season and episode information for TV show episodes
- version numbers for data sets and software
Information in parentheses appears either on the work itself or on closely related material (e.g., in the database record for the work). The information is presented in parentheses because it is not a part of the actual title of the work. Do not italicize parenthetical information, even if the title of the work is italicized.
The following example report reference contains a parenthetical report number:
National Institute of Mental Health. (2018). Eating disorders: About more than food (NIH Publication No. TR 17-4901). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/eating-disorders/eatingdisorders_148810.pdf
- Parenthetical citation: (National Institute of Mental Health, 2018)
- Narrative citation: National Institute of Mental Health (2018)
Square brackets
APA Style uses square brackets to describe works. The descriptions serve various purposes, including the following:
- identifying the context in which a work was published or presented (e.g., dissertations and theses, conference presentations)
- identifying when a source is outside the typical peer-reviewed literature (e.g., fact sheets, brochures, PowerPoint slides, artwork, social media posts, YouTube videos)
- indicating that the source may not consist of text on a page (e.g., films, data sets, computer software, and mobile apps)
- providing translations of titles for references that are in a different language than that of the paper (e.g., books in a different language; see also Section 9.38).
Square brackets indicate that the writer has provided the information and that it may not appear on the actual work. You can create your own wording for the bracketed description (see Section 9.21). Do not italicize bracketed information, even if the title of the work is italicized.
The following example YouTube video reference contains a bracketed description of form (i.e., video).
American Psychological Association. (2019, August 8). Introducing the 7th ed. APA Style Publication Manual [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5JWKbrHOAE
- Parenthetical citation: (American Psychological Association, 2019)
- Narrative citation: American Psychological Association (2019)
Choosing parentheses or brackets
In general, to determine whether to use parentheses or brackets in a reference, look at the template and reference example in the Publication Manual for the type of work you want to cite. When both parentheses and brackets are present, place the parenthetical information first and the bracketed description second.
The following dissertation example reference contains both parentheses and brackets (corresponding to the publication number in parentheses and the description of the context of the work in brackets).
Philips, L. B. (2020). The adult learner’s story: An exploratory narrative of experiencing an introductory English composition classroom (Publication No. 27547186) [Doctoral dissertation, The George Washington University]. PQDT Open. https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/2316856768.html?FMT=AI
- Parenthetical citation: (Philips, 2020)
- Narrative citation: Philips (2020)
We hope this post will help you use parentheses and brackets correctly in APA Style.